「Linuxコマンドまとめ」カテゴリでは、Linuxのコマンドについて、基本的な実行例とオプションを分かりやすくまとめます。
「localectl」は、システムのロケールやキーボードレイアウトを管理するコマンドです。
localectlコマンドの基本的な使い方
localectlコマンドの主な書式は、以下の通りです。
# 設定状況の確認
localectl status
# ロケールの設定
sudo localectl set-locale ロケール
# 設定可能なロケールの一覧を出力
localectl list-locales
# キーマップを設定
sudo localectl set-keymap キーマップシステムロケールの設定例
システムロケールを「日本語（UTF-8）」に設定するには、以下のように実行します。
sudo localectl set-locale LANG=ja_JP.utf8「アメリカ英語（UTF-8）」に設定するには、以下のように実行します。
sudo localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.utf8なお、設定可能なロケールは以下のコマンドで確認できます。
localectl list-localesシステムキーマップの設定例
システムキーマップを、日本で一般的に使われている「日本語109キーボード」に設定するには、次の2つのコマンドを実行します。
sudo localectl set-keymap jp106
sudo localectl set-keymap jp-OADG109A「USキーボード」に設定するには、次のコマンドを実行します。
sudo localectl set-keymap usバーチャルコンソールで日本語が化ける場合の回避策
Ubuntuのバーチャルコンソールは、標準で日本語表示に対応していません。そのため、システムロケールを日本語にすると、文字化けしてしまいます。
この問題は、バーチャルコンソールからログインした場合のみ「英語ロケール」を使うことで回避できます。
そのためには、「~/.bashrc」に以下の行を追記します。
[[ $TERM == 'linux' ]] && export LC_ALL=en_US.utf8バーチャルコンソールからログインした場合、シェル変数「TERM」に「linux」が設定されます。
これを利用して、「$TERM」に「linux」が設定されている場合のみ、環境変数「LC_ALL」に「en_US.utf8」を設定しています。
これにより、バーチャルコンソールからログインした場合のみ各コマンドの出力はすべて英語となります。
一方、SSHで接続した場合や、デスクトップ環境がインストールされているなら端末エミュレータを開いた場合はシステムロケールが用いられます。
localectlのヘルプ
localectl [OPTIONS...] COMMAND ...
Query or change system locale and keyboard settings.
-h --help Show this help
--version Show package version
--no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager
--no-ask-password Do not prompt for password
-H --host=[USER@]HOST Operate on remote host
-M --machine=CONTAINER Operate on local container
--no-convert Don't convert keyboard mappings
Commands:
status Show current locale settings
set-locale LOCALE... Set system locale
list-locales Show known locales
set-keymap MAP [MAP] Set console and X11 keyboard mappings
list-keymaps Show known virtual console keyboard mappings
set-x11-keymap LAYOUT [MODEL [VARIANT [OPTIONS]]]
Set X11 and console keyboard mappings
list-x11-keymap-models Show known X11 keyboard mapping models
list-x11-keymap-layouts Show known X11 keyboard mapping layouts
list-x11-keymap-variants [LAYOUT]
Show known X11 keyboard mapping variants
list-x11-keymap-options Show known X11 keyboard mapping optionslocalectlのマニュアル
LOCALECTL(1) localectl LOCALECTL(1)
NAME
localectl - Control the system locale and keyboard layout settings
SYNOPSIS
localectl [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}
DESCRIPTION
localectl may be used to query and change the system locale and
keyboard layout settings. It communicates with systemd-localed(8) to
modify files such as /etc/locale.conf and /etc/vconsole.conf.
The system locale controls the language settings of system services and
of the UI before the user logs in, such as the display manager, as well
as the default for users after login.
The keyboard settings control the keyboard layout used on the text
console and of the graphical UI before the user logs in, such as the
display manager, as well as the default for users after login.
Note that the changes performed using this tool might require the
initramfs to be rebuilt to take effect during early system boot. The
initramfs is not rebuilt automatically by localectl.
Note that systemd-firstboot(1) may be used to initialize the system
locale for mounted (but not booted) system images.
OPTIONS
The following options are understood:
--no-ask-password
Do not query the user for authentication for privileged operations.
--no-convert
If set-keymap or set-x11-keymap is invoked and this option is
passed, then the keymap will not be converted from the console to
X11, or X11 to console, respectively.
-H, --host=
Execute the operation remotely. Specify a hostname, or a username
and hostname separated by "@", to connect to. The hostname may
optionally be suffixed by a container name, separated by ":", which
connects directly to a specific container on the specified host.
This will use SSH to talk to the remote machine manager instance.
Container names may be enumerated with machinectl -H HOST.
-M, --machine=
Execute operation on a local container. Specify a container name to
connect to.
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
--no-pager
Do not pipe output into a pager.
The following commands are understood:
status
Show current settings of the system locale and keyboard mapping.
set-locale LOCALE...
Set the system locale. This takes one or more assignments such as
"LANG=de_DE.utf8", "LC_MESSAGES=en_GB.utf8", and so on. See
locale(7) for details on the available settings and their meanings.
Use list-locales for a list of available locales (see below).
list-locales
List available locales useful for configuration with set-locale.
set-keymap MAP [TOGGLEMAP]
Set the system keyboard mapping for the console and X11. This takes
a mapping name (such as "de" or "us"), and possibly a second one to
define a toggle keyboard mapping. Unless --no-convert is passed,
the selected setting is also applied as the default system keyboard
mapping of X11, after converting it to the closest matching X11
keyboard mapping. Use list-keymaps for a list of available keyboard
mappings (see below).
list-keymaps
List available keyboard mappings for the console, useful for
configuration with set-keymap.
set-x11-keymap LAYOUT [MODEL [VARIANT [OPTIONS]]]
Set the system default keyboard mapping for X11 and the virtual
console. This takes a keyboard mapping name (such as "de" or "us"),
and possibly a model, variant, and options, see kbd(4) for details.
Unless --no-convert is passed, the selected setting is also applied
as the system console keyboard mapping, after converting it to the
closest matching console keyboard mapping.
list-x11-keymap-models, list-x11-keymap-layouts,
list-x11-keymap-variants [LAYOUT], list-x11-keymap-options
List available X11 keymap models, layouts, variants and options,
useful for configuration with set-keymap. The command
list-x11-keymap-variants optionally takes a layout parameter to
limit the output to the variants suitable for the specific layout.
EXIT STATUS
On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.
ENVIRONMENT
$SYSTEMD_PAGER
Pager to use when --no-pager is not given; overrides $PAGER. If
neither $SYSTEMD_PAGER nor $PAGER are set, a set of well-known
pager implementations are tried in turn, including less(1) and
more(1), until one is found. If no pager implementation is
discovered no pager is invoked. Setting this environment variable
to an empty string or the value "cat" is equivalent to passing
--no-pager.
$SYSTEMD_LESS
Override the options passed to less (by default "FRSXMK").
$SYSTEMD_LESSCHARSET
Override the charset passed to less (by default "utf-8", if the
invoking terminal is determined to be UTF-8 compatible).
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), locale(7), locale.conf(5), vconsole.conf(5), loadkeys(1),
kbd(4), The XKB Configuration Guide[1], systemctl(1), systemd-
localed.service(8), systemd-firstboot(1), mkinitrd(8)
NOTES
1. The XKB Configuration Guide
http://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/xorg-docs/input/XKB-Config.html
systemd 237 LOCALECTL(1)
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